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Ahmose I
Ahmose I (Egyptian: , sometimes written ''Amosis I'', "Amenes" and "Aahmes" and meaning ''Born of Iah 〔(The Egyptian lunar deity Iah – Deity of the Ahmosides ) Accessed 7th December 2012〕'') was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Eighteenth dynasty. He was a member of the Theban royal house, the son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and brother of the last pharaoh of the Seventeenth dynasty, King Kamose. During the reign of his father or grandfather, Thebes rebelled against the Hyksos, the rulers of Lower Egypt. When he was seven his father was killed,〔Shaw. (2000) p. 199.〕 and he was about ten when his brother died of unknown causes, after reigning only three years. Ahmose I assumed the throne after the death of his brother,〔Grimal. (1988) p. 192.〕 and upon coronation became known as Neb-Pehty-Re (''The Lord of Strength is Re''). The name ''Ahmose'' is a combination of the divine name 'Ah' (see Iah) and the combining form '-mose'.
During his reign, he completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the delta region, restored Theban rule over the whole of Egypt and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its formerly subject territories of Nubia and Canaan.〔 He then reorganized the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade routes and began massive construction projects of a type that had not been undertaken since the time of the Middle Kingdom. This building program culminated in the construction of the last pyramid built by native Egyptian rulers. Ahmose's reign laid the foundations for the New Kingdom, under which Egyptian power reached its peak. His reign is usually dated to the mid-16th century BC.
==Family==
Ahmose descended from the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty. His grandfather and grandmother, Senakhtenre Ahmose and Tetisheri, had at least twelve children, including Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep. The brother and sister, according to the tradition of Egyptian queens, married; their children were Kamose, Ahmose I and several daughters.〔Grimal. (1988) p. 194.〕 Ahmose I followed in the tradition of his father and married several of his sisters, making Ahmose-Nefertari his chief wife.〔Grimal. (1988) p. 190.〕 They had several children including daughters Meritamun B, Sitamun A and sons Siamun A, Ahmose-ankh,〔Dodson. (1990) p. 91.〕 Amenhotep I and Ramose A〔Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan. ''The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt'', p. 126. Thames & Hudson, 2004.〕 (the "A" and "B" designations after the names are a convention used by Egyptologists to distinguish between royal children and wives that otherwise have the same name). They may also have been the parents of Mutnofret, who would become the wife of later successor Thutmose I. Ahmose-ankh was Ahmose's heir apparent, but he preceded his father in death sometime between Ahmose's 17th and 22nd regnal year.〔Wente (1975) p. 271.〕 Ahmose was succeeded instead by his eldest surviving son, Amenhotep I, with whom he might have shared a short coregency.
There was no distinct break in the line of the royal family between the 17th and 18th dynasties. The historian Manetho, writing much later during the Ptolemaic dynasty, considered the final expulsion of the Hyksos after nearly a century and the restoration of native Egyptian rule over the whole country a significant enough event to warrant the start of a new dynasty.〔Redford. (1967) p. 28.〕
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